Which of the following is NOT a constitutional power granted to Congress?

The power to execute laws is not a constitutional power granted to Congress; it is fundamentally an executive power. According to the U.S. Constitution, the responsibility for executing laws falls under the purview of the President, who serves as the head of the executive branch. This separation of powers is a core principle in the structure of the U.S. government, ensuring that no one branch has overarching control.

In contrast, the powers to establish rules of immigration and naturalization, raise an army and navy, and coin money are explicitly outlined in the Constitution. These powers underline the legislative responsibilities of Congress to create laws, protect the nation, and manage financial matters. Each of these responsibilities reflects the essential functions Congress has in shaping national policy and governance.