What is the primary function of the Electoral College in the United States?

The primary function of the Electoral College in the United States is to formally elect the president and vice president. This system was established in the Constitution and serves as the mechanism through which the citizens’ votes are translated into the election of these executive leaders. During a presidential election, citizens cast their votes for electors pledged to vote for their chosen candidate. These electors, who are part of the Electoral College, then formally cast their votes, which determines the outcome of the election.

Understanding this process highlights the unique role of the Electoral College as it links the popular vote to the final election of the country’s leaders, ensuring that each state's influence is represented in the decision-making process. This system aims to balance the influence of populous states with less populous ones, allowing smaller states to have a voice in the election process.