What is the most common indication that a government is ruled by law?

The most common indication that a government is ruled by law is the existence of a written constitution. A written constitution serves as the foundational legal document that outlines the structure of government, the powers of various branches, and the rights of citizens. It establishes clear rules and principles that govern the actions of both the government and the governed, ensuring that laws are applied consistently and transparently.

When a constitution is present, it signifies that there is a framework that limits government powers and protects individual rights, embodying the idea of a rule of law where no one is above the law. This principle promotes accountability, legal certainty, and the protection of civil liberties, which are vital characteristics of a government that operates under the rule of law.

While the existence of other options may contribute to elements of governance, such as the presence of a king or elections, they do not inherently guarantee that a government operates under the rule of law in the same way a written constitution does. Likewise, the establishment of supreme courts, while crucial for interpreting laws and ensuring justice, is also contingent upon a constitutional framework to define their powers and limitations.