Unlike other branches of our government and bureaucracy, the judiciary can change policy only if which of the following happens?

The judiciary operates within a specific framework that limits its ability to initiate policy changes independently. For the judiciary to effect policy change, a case must be brought before it. This is because courts are typically reactive in nature; they respond to specific legal disputes rather than proactively seeking to change laws or policies. The case that is presented must also be within the court's jurisdiction, meaning it falls under the types of matters that the court is legally empowered to decide.

This characteristic of the judiciary underscores the principle of judicial review, where courts interpret laws and have the authority to strike down legislation or executive actions that violate the Constitution. However, without a case to adjudicate, the judiciary cannot make changes or set policies on its own. This aspect of judicial functioning highlights the separation of powers, ensuring that the judiciary respects the roles of the legislative and executive branches while still maintaining its own essential function in the governance system.