Judicial review allows the modern Supreme Court to act as which of the following?

Judicial review is a fundamental principle that grants the Supreme Court the authority to interpret the Constitution and evaluate the constitutionality of laws and governmental actions. By serving as the "keeper" of the Constitution, the Supreme Court ensures that all legislative and executive actions comply with constitutional provisions. This role is crucial in maintaining the rule of law and protecting individual rights against potential government overreach.

While the Supreme Court also acts as a final authority on legislation and can guide acceptable legislation, its primary function through judicial review is to uphold the Constitution as the highest legal authority in the nation. This makes the role of the Supreme Court integral to the checks and balances within the U.S. political system, as it prevents any branch of government from exceeding its powers as defined by the Constitution.