In what scenario is the government allowed to limit free speech?

The government is allowed to limit free speech when it poses a clear and present danger. This concept comes from the legal standard established in the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States (1919). In this case, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes articulated that free speech is not absolute and that the government can restrict speech if it creates a situation that presents a significant and immediate threat to public safety or national security.

For example, speech that incites violence, poses a threat during wartime, or could lead to imminent lawless action may be limited. This safeguard is important to maintain public order and protect the rights and safety of others in society.

The other scenarios presented do not meet this standard: simply offending someone or expressing unpopular views are not sufficient reasons for speech to be limited, nor is criticism of the government, which is often protected as a vital aspect of democratic discourse.