Based on the Tenth Amendment, which of the following describes powers reserved to the states or the people?

The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution explicitly reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people. This means that any power the Constitution does not specifically grant to the federal government is assumed to belong to the states or the citizens.

Reserved powers include issues such as conducting elections, establishing local governments, and regulating education. These powers are fundamental to the concept of federalism, where both the national and state governments have their own authorities. The designation of these powers as "reserved" reflects the idea that states maintain significant authority to govern themselves and address local needs.

The other terms—such as inherent, implied, and expressed powers—refer to different aspects of governmental authority. Inherent powers are those that are necessary for a government to function effectively, implied powers are those that are not explicitly stated but are necessary to implement the expressed powers, and expressed powers are specifically enumerated in the Constitution itself. Therefore, the choice that best aligns with the powers reserved to states or the people, as outlined in the Tenth Amendment, is reserved powers.