Around 350 B.C., Aristotle proposed which of the following theories?

Aristotle's theory regarding governance indeed aligns with the concept of Natural Law, which posits that society should be governed by inherent ethical principles derived from nature and reason. He believed that there were universal moral standards that could help guide human behavior and legislation. This framework was significant in shaping political philosophy, emphasizing that the law should reflect these moral truths and that a just society should be based on rational principles that govern human interactions.

By advocating for Natural Law, Aristotle laid the groundwork for later legal and political thought, influencing how societies view justice and ethics in governance. This perspective contrasts with other options that do not accurately represent Aristotle's core ideas. For example, the notion of power resting solely in an autocratic leader doesn't encompass the broader ethical dimensions that Aristotle emphasized. Similarly, concepts like National Law and Common Law don’t capture the philosophical underpinnings that Aristotle associated with governance and morality.